Permian

Permian යනු වසර මිලියන 299-252 කට පෙර, එනම් Paleozoic යුගයේ හයවන සහ අවසාන කාලපරිච්ඡේදය වේ.

Permian

298.9 ± 0.15 – 251.902 ± 0.024 Ma

PreЄ

N

Chronology

−300 —

–

−295 —

–

−290 —

–

−285 —

–

−280 —

–

−275 —

–

−270 —

–

−265 —

–

−260 —

–

−255 —

–

−250 —

P
a
l
e
o
z
o
i
c

M
Z

Carboniferous

P
e
r
m
i
a
n

Triassic

C
i
s
u
r
a
l
i
a
n

G
u
a
d
a
l
u
p.

L
o
p
i
n.

Asselian

Sakmarian

Artinskian

Kungurian

Roadian

Wordian

Capitanian

Wuchiapingian

Changhsingian

←

Permian-Triassic mass extinction event

←

end-Capitanian extinction event

←

Olson's Extinction

Subdivision of the Permian according to the ICS, as of 2022.
Vertical axis scale: millions of years ago.

Etymology

Name formality

Formal

Usage information

Regional usage

Global (ICS)

Time scale(s) used

ICS Time Scale

Definition

Chronological unit

Period

Stratigraphic unit

System

Time span formality

Formal

Lower boundary definition

FAD of the Conodont Streptognathodus isolatus within the morphotype Streptognathodus wabaunsensis chronocline.

Lower boundary GSSP

Aidaralash, Ural Mountains, Kazakhstan
50°14′45″N 57°53′29″E / 50.2458°N 57.8914°E

GSSP ratified

1996

Upper boundary definition

FAD of the Conodont Hindeodus parvus.

Upper boundary GSSP

Meishan, Zhejiang, China
31°04′47″N 119°42′21″E / 31.0798°N 119.7058°E

GSSP ratified

2001

ආශ්‍රිත

List of fossil sites (with link directory)
Olson's Extinction
List of Permian tetrapods

මූලාශ්‍ර

"Chart/Time Scale". www.stratigraphy.org. International Commission on Stratigraphy.
Davydov, Vladimir; Glenister, Brian; Spinosa, Claude; Ritter, Scott; Chernykh, V.; Wardlaw, B.; Snyder, W. (March 1998). "Proposal of Aidaralash as Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for base of the Permian System" (PDF). Episodes. 21: 11–18. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/1998/v21i1/003. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 7 December 2020.
Hongfu, Yin; Kexin, Zhang; Jinnan, Tong; Zunyi, Yang; Shunbao, Wu (June 2001). "The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the Permian-Triassic Boundary" (PDF). Episodes. 24 (2): 102–114. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2001/v24i2/004. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 8 December 2020.

[icstimescale-1] "Chart/Time Scale". www.stratigraphy.org. International Commission on Stratigraphy.

[2] Davydov, Vladimir; Glenister, Brian; Spinosa, Claude; Ritter, Scott; Chernykh, V.; Wardlaw, B.; Snyder, W. (March 1998). "Proposal of Aidaralash as Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for base of the Permian System" (PDF). Episodes. 21: 11–18. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/1998/v21i1/003. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 7 December 2020.

[3] Hongfu, Yin; Kexin, Zhang; Jinnan, Tong; Zunyi, Yang; Shunbao, Wu (June 2001). "The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the Permian-Triassic Boundary" (PDF). Episodes. 24 (2): 102–114. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2001/v24i2/004. සම්ප්‍රවේශය 8 December 2020.